There are different types of shipments based on the nature of the goods, logistics arrangements, and business requirements.
In the context of EDI and logistics, shipments can be categorized in various ways. Below are the common types of shipments:
1. Full Truckload (FTL) Shipment
- Description: A single shipment that fills an entire truck. The truck is dedicated to one shipment or customer.
- EDI Documents:
- 204 (Motor Carrier Load Tender)
- 214 (Shipment Status Message)
- Use Case: Large quantities of goods shipped directly to a destination.
2. Less-than-Truckload (LTL) Shipment
- Description: A shipment that does not require a full truckload. Goods from multiple customers are consolidated into one truck.
- EDI Documents:
- 204 (Motor Carrier Load Tender)
- 211 (Motor Carrier Bill of Lading)
- Use Case: Smaller quantities of goods, often cost-effective for small-to-medium businesses.
3. Parcel Shipment
- Description: Small packages shipped through parcel carriers like FedEx, UPS, or USPS.
- EDI Documents:
- 210 (Motor Carrier Freight Details and Invoice)
- 214 (Shipment Status)
- Use Case: E-commerce shipments or small-sized packages sent directly to consumers.
4. Intermodal Shipment
- Description: Shipments that use multiple modes of transportation, such as rail, truck, ship, and air, within a single delivery.
- EDI Documents:
- 204 (Load Tender for each mode)
- 322 (Intermodal Ramp Activity)
- Use Case: Long-distance shipments with cost and efficiency considerations.
5. Drop Shipment
- Description: Goods are shipped directly from a supplier or manufacturer to the end customer, bypassing the retailer's warehouse.
- EDI Documents:
- 850 (Purchase Order)
- 856 (Advance Ship Notice)
- Use Case: E-commerce or just-in-time inventory systems.
6. Direct Shipment
- Description: Goods are shipped directly from the supplier to the customer, without intermediate warehousing or stops.
- EDI Documents:
- 856 (Advance Ship Notice)
- 940 (Warehouse Shipping Order)
- Use Case: Simplified logistics for perishable or high-demand items.
7. Consolidated Shipment
- Description: Multiple shipments from different customers are combined into a single transport to optimize cost and efficiency.
- EDI Documents:
- 210 (Motor Carrier Freight Invoice)
- 214 (Shipment Status)
- Use Case: Cost-efficient transport for small orders.
8. Split Shipment
- Description: A single order shipped in multiple shipments, typically due to inventory or shipping constraints.
- EDI Documents:
- 856 (Advance Ship Notice) for each shipment.
- Use Case: Ensuring timely delivery for incomplete inventory.
9. International Shipment
- Description: Shipments that cross international borders, involving customs documentation and regulations.
- EDI Documents:
- 309 (Customs Manifest)
- 315 (Ocean Shipment Status)
- 750 (Air Freight Details)
- Use Case: Global trade and exports/imports.
10. Blind Shipment
- Description: A shipment where the recipient does not know the origin, or the shipper does not know the final recipient.
- EDI Documents:
- 850 (Purchase Order)
- 856 (Advance Ship Notice)
- Use Case: Used in drop-shipping or cases where anonymity is required.
11. Expedited Shipment
- Description: A shipment arranged to be delivered as quickly as possible, often with premium costs.
- EDI Documents:
- 214 (Shipment Status Message)
- Use Case: Time-sensitive deliveries, such as medical equipment or emergency supplies.
12. Temperature-Controlled Shipment
- Description: Shipments requiring specific temperature conditions, such as refrigerated or frozen goods.
- EDI Documents:
- 856 (Advance Ship Notice)
- 210 (Freight Invoice)
- Use Case: Food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.
13. Return Shipment
- Description: Goods shipped back to the supplier or manufacturer, often due to defects or customer returns.
- EDI Documents:
- 180 (Return Merchandise Authorization)
- 210 (Motor Carrier Freight Details and Invoice)
- Use Case: Handling product returns or recalls.
14. Bulk Shipment
- Description: Unpackaged goods shipped in large quantities, such as liquids, grains, or chemicals.
- EDI Documents:
- 204 (Load Tender)
- Use Case: Industries like agriculture, petroleum, or chemicals.
15. Multistop Shipment
- Description: A shipment delivered to multiple destinations during a single route.
- EDI Documents:
- 214 (Shipment Status Message)
- Use Case: Optimized delivery for retailers with multiple locations.
Shipment Table
| Shipment Type | Key Use Case | Key EDI Documents |
|---|---|---|
| Full Truckload (FTL) | Large shipments for one customer | 204, 214 |
| Less-than-Truckload (LTL) | Smaller shipments combined | 204, 211 |
| Parcel Shipment | Small packages | 210, 214 |
| Intermodal Shipment | Long-distance with multiple modes | 204, 322 |
| Drop Shipment | Direct from supplier to customer | 850, 856 |
| Direct Shipment | Supplier to customer, no intermediates | 856, 940 |
| Consolidated Shipment | Combined small orders | 210, 214 |
| Split Shipment | Single order, multiple deliveries | 856 |
| International Shipment | Cross-border shipments | 309, 315 |
| Blind Shipment | Origin or destination hidden | 850, 856 |
| Expedited Shipment | Time-sensitive | 214 |
| Temperature-Controlled | Perishables requiring specific temps | 856, 210 |
| Return Shipment | Handling product returns | 180, 210 |
| Bulk Shipment | Large quantities of unpackaged goods | 204 |
| Multistop Shipment | Multiple destinations in one route | 214 |
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